Safety Data Sheet
Flame Defense Antimony Oxide MSDS No. 9680.16
Date of Preparation: 3/3/97 Revision: 6/3/21
Section 1 – Chemical Product and Company Identification
Product/Chemical Name: Flame Defense Antimony Oxide
Synonyms: Antimony white, Antimony Trioxide
General Use: Flame retardant
Restrictions on use: None
Manufacturer: Marshall Additive Technologies
Division of the R. J. Marshall Company Emergency Phone: (800) 424-9300
26776 W. 12 Mile Road Date Revised: 6/3/21
Southfield, MI 48034-7807 Prepared by: Stephanie Nichols
Phone: (248) 353-4100, Fax: (248) 948-6460
Section 2 – Hazards Identification
Classification of the chemical under paragraph (d) of 1910.1200: Carcinogenicity Category 2
Classification according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP): Carcinogen Category 2
Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC: Harmful; Xn; Carcinogen Category 3; R40: Limited evidence of a
carcinogenic effect.
Signal word: Warning
Pictogram:
Hazard Statement:
Suspected of causing cancer by inhalation.
Precautionary Statements:
Obtain special instructions before use.
Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
Store locked up.
Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations.
Hazards not otherwise classified: This substance does not meet the criteria for a PBT or vPvB substance. No environmental or
physic-chemical hazards have been identified.
Section 3 – Composition / Information on Ingredients
Ingredient Name CAS Number % By wt
(di)antimony trioxide 1309-64-4 20,000 mg/kg bw (Fleming, 1938; Gross et al, 1955; Weil et al, 1978)
Dermal: LD50 rabbit > 8300 mg/kg bw (Gross et al, 1955)
Inhalation: LC50 rat > 5200 mg/m
3
(Leuschner, 2006)
Skin Corrosion/Irritation Based on available data, the classification criteria as skin irritants are not met. However,
under conditions of substantial heat and sweating, high levels of dermal dust exposure may
cause mechanical/physical blocking of sweat glands in the absence of any intrinsic
substantial primary skin irritating potential of the substance and in consideration of the
poor solubility of ATO. The Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC) decided in July 2009
that a harmonized skin irritation classification was not supported (ECHA/PR/09/09, 2009).
ATO is not a corrosive agent.
Serious eye damage/irritation Based on available data, the classification criteria for eye irritation are not met (Leuschner,
2005).
Respiratory or skin
sensitization
Based on available data, the classification for skin sensitization (Chevalier, 2005; Moore,
G.E, 1994) and irritation to the respiratory system (Leuschner, 2006) are not met.
Germ Cell Mutagenicity ATO does not cause systemic mutagenicity in vivo after oral administration. Negative in
vivo results on chromosome aberrations and micronuclei were obtained in two different
species via oral application-mouse (Elliot et al., 1998) and rat (Whitwell, 2006), (Kirkland
et al., 2007). An in vivo UDS assay in rats was also negative (Elliot et al., 1998). Based
on available data, the classification criteria according to regulation (EC) 1272/2008 as
germ cell mutagen are not met.
Reproductive Toxicity Based on the available long-term toxicity studies in rodent (Omura et al, 2002) and the
relevant information on the toxicokinetic behavior in rats, it is concluded that the
classification criteria for reproductive toxicity are not met because of the lack of absorption
and systemic distribution, and a correspondingly negligible exposure of reproductive
organs in male and female mammalian species to ATO.
The reference Schroeder R.E. (2003) was identified as a key study for developmental
toxicity and will be used for classification and labeling. This study suggests that the
NOAEC for developmental toxicity is >6.3 mg ATO/m
3
. Thus, based on available data,
the classification criteria as developmental toxicant according to regulation (EC)
1272/2008 are not met.
STOT-single exposure Based on available data, the classification criteria as STOT-single exposure, oral, and
inhalation are not met since no reversible or irreversible adverse health effects were
observed immediately or delayed after exposure.
STOT-repeated exposure NOAECinhalation = 0.51 mg/m
3
(Newton et al, 1994)
NOAELoral = 1686 mg/kg/d (Hext et al, 1999)
The NOAEC was determined in a study with a high background incidence of lung
inflammation in controls, therefore there is considerable uncertainty regarding the
reliability of this numerical value. The NOAEC is based on impaired lung clearance
that was observed at 4.50 mg/m
3
.
Based on available data, the classification criteria as STOT-repeated exposure, oral is
not met since no reversible or irreversible adverse health effects were observed
immediately or delayed after exposure (NOAEL is above the guidance value).
Based on available data, the classification criteria as STOT-repeated exposure,
inhalation is not met since there is an absence of consistent identifiable toxic effects
other than the non-specific PSP overload, which is an adaptive response not triggering
a STOT classification.
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Toxicity Endpoints Description of Effects
Carcinogenicity IARC classifies antimony trioxide as 2B possible carcinogenic to humans. ACGIH,
OSHA, and NTP do not classify antimony trioxide as a carcinogen. German MAK
Commission classified antimony trioxide as MAK-2 carcinogenic to humans.
ACGIH, OSHA, IARC, and NTP all classify arsenic as a carcinogen:
ACGIH: TLV-A1 confirmed human carcinogen.
OSHA: Ca
IARC-1 Carcinogenic to humans
NTP-K known to be a human carcinogen
German MAK Commission classified arsenic as MAK-1 confirmed human
carcinogen.
ACGIH and OSHA do not classify lead as a carcinogen.
IARC-2A Probably carcinogenic to humans.
NTP-R: Reasonably anticipated to be carcinogenic to humans.
German MAK-2 considered to be carcinogenic
(Di)antimony trioxide is classified as inhalation carcinogen category 2 (according to
Regulation (EC) 1272/2008).
Three chronic inhalation studies in rats are available for the carcinogenicity
assessment of (di)antimony trioxide (Watt, 1983; Groth et al., 1986a, Newton et al.,
1994). The exposure duration in all three animal studies is 12 months and thus all
studies deviate from the OECD guideline on chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity, which
prescribes an exposure period of 24 months for rats. The study by Newton et al.,
(1994) showed no (di)antimony trioxide related lung tumors, neither in males nor
females, at any dose level up to 4.5 mg/m
3
. The study shows that (di)antimony
trioxide reduced the pulmonary clearance rate in a dose-dependent manner. However,
it is well known that reduced lung clearance rate at chronic exposure of rats to poorly
soluble particles (PSPs) can result in pulmonary overload, subsequently followed by
an inflammatory response, epithelial cell hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia, and
squamous metaplasia. The persistence of these tissue responses over chronic time
periods can lead to the secondary development of lung tumors (Hext, 1994).
Due to the deviations from the OECD guidelines and the critical shortcoming in all
three studies, US NTP (National Toxicology Program) has embarked on a testing
program leading to a new, full 2-year bioassay; finalized end 2010 and reporting
expected in 2014-2015.
The overall expert judgment by TC NES was that the most likely mechanism for
carcinogenicity appears to be impaired lung clearance and particle overload followed
by an inflammatory response, fibrosis, and tumors. Consequently, (di)antimony
trioxide can be regarded as a threshold carcinogen and as a starting point for a
quantitative risk characterization, the NOAEC of 0.51 mg/m
3
derived for local
repeated dose toxicity is also used for carcinogenicity. However, in this context, it is
questionable whether effects caused by pulmonary overload in the rat are also relevant
for humans.
NOAEC: 0.51 mg/m
3
/ Target organ: respiratory: lung
Aspiration hazards ATO as an inorganic metal oxide is void of a low surface tension effect and as a solid
does have a very high viscosity, i.e., an aspiration hazard can safely be excluded.
Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met.
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Section 12 – Ecological Information
Acute aquatic toxicity test results:
Marine fish (Pagrus major) 96 hr LC50 6.9 mg Sb/L (Takayanagi, 2001)
Freshwater fish (Pimephales promelas) 96 hr LC50 14.4 mg Sb/L (Brooke et al, 1986)
Invertebrates (Chlorohydra viridissimus) 96 hr LC50 1.77 mg SB/L (TAI, 1990)
Algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) 72 hr ErC50 (growth rate) >36.6 mg Sb/L (Heijerick et al, 2004)
Plants (Lemna minor) 4 d EC50 >25.5 mg Sb/L (Brooke et al, 1986)
Chronic aquatic toxicity test results:
Freshwater fish (Pimephales promelas) 28 d NOEC/LOEC (growth;
length)
1.13/2.31 mg Sb/L (Kimball, 1978)
Invertebrates (Daphnia magna) 21 d NOEC/LOEC (reproduction) 1.74/3.13 mg Sb/L (Heijerick et al, 2003)
Algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) 72 h NOEC/LOEC (growth rate) 2.11/4.00 mg Sb/L (Heijerick et al, 2004)
Chronic sediment toxicity test results:
Midge (Chironomus riparius) 14 d NOEC (growth) 78 mg Sb/kg ww (Heijerick et al, 2005)
Chronic terrestrial toxicity test results (values were determined in a soil spiked with Sb2O3 and aged for 31 weeks before
testing):
Soil invertebrates NOEC 999 mg Sb/kg dw (Moser, 2007)
Plants NOEC 999 mg Sb/kg dw (Smolders et al., 2007)
Soil microorganisms NOEC 2930 mg Sb/kg dw (Smolders et al.,
2007)
Toxicity tests for microorganisms (for STP)
Aquatic microorganisms NOEC 2.55 mg Sb/L (EPAS, 2005)
Inhibition of nitrification EC50 27 mg Sb/L (EPAS, 2005)
Persistence and degradability: Whereas antimony formally meets the criterion for persistence based on the absence of any
degradation, this criterion is considered not to apply to inorganic elements. In addition, under conditions of a standard EUSES lake
and the median partition coefficient for suspended matter, antimony meets the criteria for rapid removal from the water column.
Bioaccumulative potential: Antimony does not meet the criteria for bioaccumulation: a BCF for aquatic organisms of 40 and a
BSAF of 1 for earthworms are derived and are all much lower than the threshold of 2,000 l/kg. Also, there is evidence to support
that antimony does not biomagnify in the food chain. Therefore, antimony is not considered bioaccumulative (B) or very
bioaccumulative (vB) based on the definitive criteria.
Mobility in soil: A log Kp of 2.07 has been determined for soil.
Results of PBT and vPvB assessment: The PBT and vPvB criteria of Annex XIII to the Regulation do not apply to inorganic
substances, such as antimony and its inorganic compounds. However, the available data have been compared to the criteria:
Antimony trioxide does not meet the criteria for PBT and vPvB. For (T): Chronic NOEC values are available for fish, invertebrates,
and algae. The lowest NOEC is 1.13 mg Sb/L for fish (Kimball, 1978). Antimony and antimony compounds do not meet any of the
toxicity criteria based on carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or reprotoxicity (See Section 11) and there is no evidence of other chronic
concerns. Therefore, antimony is not considered toxic (T) based on the definitive criteria.
Antimony, and therefore (di)antimony trioxide is not PBT or vPvB.
Other adverse effects: (Di)antimony trioxide is not expected to contribute to ozone depletion, ozone formation, global warming, or
acidification.
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Section 13 – Disposal Considerations
Waste treatment methods: Whatever cannot be saved for recovery or recycling should be managed in an appropriate and approved
waste disposal facility. If the percentage of ATO in waste is greater than 1%, then the waste must be treated as hazardous under
Directive 91/689/EEC. If the concentration is below 1%, then ATO-containing waste shall be handled as non-hazardous waste. All
waste should be removed by a licensed waste removal company, incinerated, or recycled. If only the total antimony concentration in
waste is known, then waste with greater than 1% antimony should be treated as hazardous under Directive 91/689/EEC. Processing,
use, or contamination of this product may change the waste management options. State and local disposal regulations may differ
from federal disposal regulations. Dispose of container and unused contents following federal, state, and local requirements. The
used packaging is only meant for packing this product. After usage, empty the packaging completely.
Suitable disposal of hazardous waste for manufacturing and industrial use: Keep separate and dispose of to either
-Hazardous waste incineration operated according to Council Directive 2008/98/EC on waste, Directive 2000/76/EC on the
incineration of waste, and the Reference Document on the Best Available Techniques for Waste Incineration of August 2006.
-Hazardous landfill operated under Directive 1999/31/EC.
Suitable disposal of non-hazardous waste for manufacturing and industrial use: Disposal of wastes is possible via incineration
(operated according to Directive 2000/76/EC on the incineration of waste) or landfilling (operated according to Reference Document
on the Best Available Techniques for Waste Industries of August 2006 and Council Directive 1999/31/EC and Council Decision 19
December 2002).
Suitable disposal of waste for professional use: Waste from end-of-life articles can be disposed of as municipal waste, except
when they are separately regulated, like electronic devices, batteries, vehicles, etc. Disposal of wastes is possible via incineration
(operated according to Directive 2000/76/EC on the incineration of waste) or landfilling (operated according to Reference Document
on the Best Available Techniques for Waste Industries of August 2006 and Council Directive 1999/31/EC and Council Decision 19
December 2002).
Section 14 – Transport Information
DOT Transportation Data (49 CFR 172.101):
UN1549, Class 6, Division 6.1, PG III antimony compounds inorganic, solid, n.o.s. (Antimony trioxide) does not apply due to
special provision 35 (49CFR172.102) which states that Antimony sulphides and oxides which do not contain more than 0.5%
of arsenic calculated on the total mass do not meet the definition of Division 6.1.
However, Antimony Trioxide is listed on Appendix A of 49CFR172.101 for hazardous substances and reportable quantities.
RQ = 1000 lbs. (454kg). Because antimony trioxide is listed in Appendix A it falls under the proper shipping name:
Hazardous substances, liquid or solid, n.o.s. which directs you to see: Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s.
RID/ADR: not restricted ADNR/AND: not restricted IATA/ICAO: not restricted
IMO/IMDG: not restricted
For packages under 1000# For packages 1000# or greater
UN Number: Not applicable
UN proper shipping name: Not applicable
Transport hazard class: Not applicable
Packaging group: Not applicable
Environmental hazards: No environmental hazard
Special precautions for user: Not available
Transport in bulk according to Annex II or
MARPOL72/78 and the IBC Code: Not available
Harmonized Tariff Code: 2825.80.0000
Basic Description: RQ, UN3077, Environmentally
hazardous substance solid, n.o.s. (Antimony Trioxide), 9,
III.
UN Number: UN3077
UN proper shipping name: Environmentally hazardous
substance solid, n.o.s. (Antimony Trioxide)
Transport hazard class: 9
Packaging group: III
Environmental hazards: No environmental hazard
Special precautions for user: Not available
Transport in bulk according to Annex II or
MARPOL72/78 and the IBC Code: Not available
Marine Pollutant: No
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Section 15 – Regulatory Information
EPA Regulations:
RCRA Hazardous Waste Number: Not listed (40 CFR 261.33)
RCRA Hazardous Waste Classification (40 CFR 261.??): Not classified
CERCLA Hazardous Substance (40 CFR 302.4) Antimony Trioxide =1000lbs final RQ; Arsenic = 1lb, Lead = 10lbs
SARA 311/312 Hazard: Carcinogenicity
SARA EHS (Extremely Hazardous Substance) (40 CFR 355): Not listed
Antimony Oxide is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986 and 40 CFR 372.0 (de minimis concentration = 1%)
Arsenic is subject to the reporting requirement of Section 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act of 1986 and 40 CFR372.0. (de minimis concentration = 0.1%)
CWA (Clean Water Act) Hazardous Substances (40 CFR116.4): Present; 1000lb RQ.
Prop65: This product can expose you to chemicals including arsenic and antimony oxide which are known to the State of
California to cause cancer.
OSHA Regulations:
Air Contaminant (29 CFR 1910.1000, Table Z-1, Z-1-A): Not listed
TSCA
This substance is listed on the Chemical Substances Inventory of the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA Inventory [USA]).
Please note that this product is not subject to any legal reporting requirements under these acts.
FDA-Indirect Food Additives: 21CFR175.105.
UNITED STATES REGULATIONS
California: 22CCR Presumed Hazardous Wastes List: Present
California: 8 CCR Section 339 Directors List of Hazardous Substances: Present
California: Air Toxics Hot Spots Act Chronic Reference Exposure Levels (RELs): 0.2 ug/m3 REL (inhalation).
California: Air Toxics Hot Spots Act-Emission Inventory Criteria & Guidelines: known or potential carcinogen: 9/90; ADOA 1.0
lbs/yr.
California: Toxic Air Contaminant List (AB 1807, AB2728): Category IIa.
Connecticut: Hazardous Air Pollutants- HLVs (30 min): 25 ug/m3 HLV (handling use and production as Sb);
HLVs (8hr): 5ug/m3 HLV (handling use and production as Sb).
Delaware: Pollutant Discharge Requirements: 1000lb RQ.
Massachusetts: Oil and Hazardous Material List: 50lb RQ.
Michigan: Polluting Materials List: 100lb TRQ.
Minnesota: Hazardous Substance List: Carcinogen (handling and use as Sb production).
New Jersey: Discharge Prevention List of Hazardous Substances: Present.
New York: Reporting of Releases Part 597-List of Hazardous Substances: 1000lb RQ (air); 100lb RQ (land/water).
Pennsylvania: RTK Environmental Hazard List: Present.
Rhode Island: Hazardous Substance List: Toxic.
Texas: Effect Screening Levels-Long Term: 0.5ug/m3 ESL. Effect Screening Levels-Short Term: 5ug/m3 ESL.
INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS
Canada: Listed on the DSL.
Canada: WHMIS: Classification of Substances: D2A. Ingredient Disclosure List 1%.
European Community: This product is listed on EINECS, the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances
# 215-175-0.
EU Dangerous Substances Directive: Carc. Cat. 3; R-40, Labels Xn; R-40 Safety Phrases: S-2, S-22, S-36.
Australia: This product is listed on the List of Designated Hazardous Substances-Carc. Cat.3; R-40.
Australia: This product is listed on the Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS).
Bahrain: This product is listed on the Restricted Chemicals List (production).
Belgium: This product is listed on the Limits on Substances and Preparations list.
China: This product is listed on the Chinese Inventory.
Denmark: This product is listed on the List of Undesirable Substances.
Germany Water Classification (VwVwS): Water Hazard Class-hazard Class1, hazard to waters.
Japan: This product is listed on the Existing and New Chemical Substances list- #1-543 and on the Deleterious Substances List.
Italy: Listed as a Category 3 Carcinogen.
Korea: This product is listed on the Existing and Evaluated Chemical Substances List # KE-09846.
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New Zealand: This product is listed on the HSNO Composite List of Single Component Substances Considered for Transfer.
Philippines: This product is listed on the Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances (PICCS) List.
Switzerland: This product is listed on the Toxic Substances Classification List: Class 4.
Taiwan: Listed on NECI.
United Kingdom: This product is listed on the Dangerous Substances CHIP Approved Supply List; Classification: Xn; R-40,
Labels: Xn, Safety Phrases: S-2, S-22, S-36.
(Di)antimony trioxide is not a SEVESO substance, not an ozone-depleting substance, and not a persistent organic pollutant.
Section 16 – Other Information
Prepared By: Stephanie Nichols
Revision Notes: updated Section 14
Product Grades Available from the R. J. Marshall Company (this list may be incomplete):
FDAO
Disclaimer: Information contained herein is presented in good faith and is based on data believed to be accurate. However, no
warranty is expressed or implied regarding this information, or the results obtained from the use of this Safety Data Sheet,
whether it originates with The R. J. Marshall Company or others. This Safety Data Sheet relates only to the specific material
designated herein. It does not relate to use with other material or processes. This information is supplied with the condition that
the user will make an appropriate determination as to its suitability for their purpose prior to using it.